![]() Sleep 9:519–524įerrillo F, Donadio S, De Carli F et al (2007) A model-based approach to homeostatic and ultradian aspects of nocturnal sleep structure in narcolepsy. Neurology 16:18–33Ĭarskadon MA, Dement WC, Mitler MM et al (1986) Guidelines for the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT): a standard measure of sleepiness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 3:421–428ĭement W, Rechtschaffen A, Gulevich G (1966) The nature of the narcoleptic sleep attack. Vogel G (1960) Studies in psychophysiology of dreams. ![]() Gaz des Hôp 54:626–628įortuyn HAD, Mulders PC, Renier WO et al (2011) Narcolepsy and psychiatry: an evolving association of increasing interest. Gelineau JBE (1880) De la Narcolepsy (I). Westphal C (1877) Eigentümliche mit Einschlafen verbundene Anfälle. Peyron C, Faraco J, Rogers W, Ripley B, Overeem S, Charnay Y, Nevsimalova S, Aldrich M, Reynolds D, Albin R, Li R, Hungs M, Pedrazzoli M, Padigaru M, Kucherlapati M, Fan J, Maki R, Lammers GJ, Bouras C, Kucherlapati R, Nishino S, Mignot E (2000) A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains. Davila D, Morgenthaler T, Lee-Chiong T, Hirshkowitz M, Loube DL, Bailey D, Berry RB, Kapen S, Kramer M (2005) Practice parameters for clinical use of the multiple sleep latency test and the maintenance of wakefulness test. Guaita M, Salamero M, Vilaseca I, Iranzo A, Montserrat JM, Gaig C, Embid C, Romero M, Serradell M, León C, de Pablo J, Santamaria J (2015) The Barcelona sleepiness index: a new instrument to assess excessive daytime sleepiness in sleep disordered breathing. Johns MW (1991) A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Ohayon MM, Dauvilliers Y, Reynolds CF (2012) Operational definitions and algorithms for excessive sleepiness in the general population: implications for DSM-5 nosology. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Darien Sleep 28:625–634Ĭarskadon MA, Dement WC (1982) The multiple sleep latency test: what does it measure? Sleep 5(Suppl 2):S67–S72Īmerican Academy of Sleep Medicine (2014) International classification of sleep disorders, 3rd ed. ![]() Kim H, Young T (2005) Subjective daytime sleepiness: dimensions and correlates in the general population. Ogilvie RD (2001) The process of falling asleep. Monk TH, Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Kupfer DJ (1996) Circadian determinants of the postlunch dip in performance. Conclusionsĭifferent CNS hypersomnias present with specific features of EDS are useful to guide the clinician to apply and interpret appropriate neurophysiological investigations.īorbély AA (1982) A two process model of sleep regulation. Kleine-Levin Syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of enormously prolonged sleep time lasting days associated with abnormal cognition and behavior intermixed by asymptomatic periods, a sleep pattern that can be well documented by actigraphy. Polysomnographic data are not required, but when the MSLT is performed, ISS patients can present with SOREMP arising from non-REM stage 2 sleep (vs narcolepsy patients entering into SOREM most frequently from wakefulness). ISS diagnosis is based on the clinical evidence of nocturnal sleep curtailment (weekdays versus vacations) associated with the disappearance of EDS complaint after sleep extension. Patients with insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS) can present with variable clinical EDS features in between narcolepsy and IH. Polysomnographic studies show high sleep propensity on the MSLT or high 24-h total sleep time during continuous monitoring. Conversely, patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) complain sleep inertia and prolonged nocturnal sleep. These features are mirrored by the neurophysiological evidence of REM sleep at sleep onset (SOREMP) during the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), a specific marker. ResultsĪt clinical evaluation, narcolepsy patients report a good restorative potential of sleep together with the frequent occurrence of dreaming even during short-lasting naps. MethodsĪ review of recent literature was performed to provide an update in CNS hypersomnias. In this mini-review, we summarized EDS features in CNS hypersomnias to provide a guide for differential diagnosis purposes. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is the core complaint of central nervous system (CNS) hypersomnias.
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